Analysis of a Relative Offset between the North American and the Global Vertical Datum in Gravity Potential Space

The accurate estimation of the zero-height geopotential level in a local vertical datum (LVD) is critical for linking traditional height reference systems to global system. In this paper, we investigate theoretical and practical challenges involved determining offset between North American (NAVD) (GVD). Drawing on classical theory system physical geodesy, define derive rigorous formulas its calculation. We examine various factors that affect determination offset, including gravitational models (GGMs), geodetic system, tide tilt error, omission error. Using terrestrial gravity data anomalies from multiple GGMs conjunction with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) orthometric heights, estimate NAVD GVD. Our results indicate difference approach boundary value problem (GBVP) yield consistent results. When normal selected as datum, approximately 0.04 m higher than GVD relative GRS80 ellipsoid, 0.97 cm WGS84 ellipsoid. Gauss–Listing chosen roughly 1.45 0.52